“Language Lies at the Root of That Transformation of the Environment That We Call Civilization.” How Is Language Encouraged in the Montessori Environment Essay Example

â€Å"Language Lies at the Root of That Transformation of the Environment That We Call Civilization.† How Is Language Encouraged in the Montessori Environment Essay Language is a mean of communication, delivering ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized sounds and signs, thus, being the spoken and written language. It is part of the human tendencies to want to communicate with others and this could underlie the emergence of language. Montessori said, â€Å"To talk is the nature of man. † Humans needed language in order to communicate, and soon, the powers that come with language revealed. The evolution of the human language began when communication was done through pictograms and drawings. It then developed into ideograms when pictures began to turn into symbols. Later, these symbols became words, words involved letters, vowels emerged, one symbol came to represent one sound, and an alphabet was created, and then came the alphabet we now use today. And just as language evolved hundreds of thousands of years ago, it also changes with each generation. Unneeded words are dropped and new words come into use. Language rose and continues to rise with the collective intelligence. This also marked the civilisation of mankind. Language differentiates a community from one another but at the time it also unites and binds human being of different races together through a common language. Content Language is the ability to understand speech and a desire to convey one’s feelings and thoughts. It is through communication that human beings are able to cooperate with each other to solve common problems. It is through communication based on written and oral language in particular that each generation has passed on its accumulating wisdom to the next. â€Å"Language, we may say, grow with human thought†. Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, p109) The learning of language is truly the child’s most remarkable intellectual achievement and is amazingly accomplished rapidly in a very short time span. â€Å"By merely living and without any conscious effort the individual absorbs from the environment even a complex cultural like language† (Elizabeth G. Hainstock, The Essential Montessori, pg. 8 1) Based on Montessori’s observation, the various periods of the child’s life show the same stages in the level reached and this applied to all the children throughout the world, this applied to the acquisition of language in the child. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Language Lies at the Root of That Transformation of the Environment That We Call Civilization.† How Is Language Encouraged in the Montessori Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Language Lies at the Root of That Transformation of the Environment That We Call Civilization.† How Is Language Encouraged in the Montessori Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Language Lies at the Root of That Transformation of the Environment That We Call Civilization.† How Is Language Encouraged in the Montessori Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She found out that the child is first interested with humans voice, follow by repeating the same syllable, then words are spoken of more than one syllable, then the whole syntax and grammar seem to be grasped, gender and number, case, tense and mood. The child begins this work in the darkness of the subconscious mind, and here it develops and fixes itself permanently. Though it seems as a mystery, the child takes a lot of practices to connect the physical and psychic abilities. Maria Montessori observed that the sensitive period of language is the longest one which is from birth to age 6: 1. Birth age 1: the child is sensitive to sounds; listening and watching and then started with single syllable, imitating sound and pointing to objects in the attempt to communicate. If the child is taught sign language, he may be able to use signs to communicate at the tender age of 10 months, way before he develops speech. 2. Age 1 age 2: the child is sensitive to words; begins using simple words. He responds to simple then complex commands. Understand about 200 words. 3. Age 2 3 and up: the childs vocabulary increases tremendously (from approximately 300 to 1000 words). . Age 4- this is the sensitive time for writing. 5. Age 4 and a half to 5 the child starts to classify words and reading. 6. Age 5 to 6 sensitive to the study of parts of speech and word usage. At the beginning of the child’s sensitive period to language, he explores his surroundings with his tongue and hands, and through these, the child absorbs the qualities of objects in his environment and seeks to act upon it. He wants to know the name of every object that he sees and touches and mimic words said by the adults around him. Montessori concluded that the tongue which man uses for speaking and the hand, which he employs for work, are intimately connected. This sensibility is transitory and once gone it will never return. The language explosive happens and erupts in the child’s powers of expression and it continues well after the age of two. After two and a half years old, which marks the borderline of man’s mental formation, begins a new period in organizing the language and this continues to develop without explosion, learn many new words and perfects his sentence formation. At six years old, a child has learnt to speak correctly according to the rules of his mother tongue. And all these work is done by no one, but the child himself. Research has been made that in comparison with the adults’ ability to learn, the adults need sixty years of hard work to do it where a child does it in three. Therefore, it is particularly important that the adults give assistant where necessary for the development of language in a child, by exposing him to good grammar sentences and wide vocabularies to feed his absorbent mind during this sensitive period. Though a child works effortlessly in the acquisition of language, however, he does need a suitable environment. So, in cases where the child is not spoken to, like the boy of Aveyron, the child does not develop speech. Maria Montessori pointed out that during the Sensitive Period of language, the child must be exposed to language or it will not develop. Montessori â€Å"considered the job of education not to fill the child with the techniques of reading but to free him or self-expression and communication†. Paula Polk Lillard, A Modern Approach, pg. 123) The mind needs language in order to connect thoughts to the environment. Montessori’s methods make full use of the child’s sensitive period of language by creating an environment that aids this development. In the Montessori environment, the child is constantly exposed to information, through formal lessons, conversations and games; preparing him and thus, making it possible for the child to start creative writin g and reading at a young age. The child can freely express himself thus able to grow up happily and confidently. BIBLIOGRAPHY Gettman, David Basic Montessori St Martin’s Press New York, 1987 Paula Polk Lillard Montessori: A Modern Approach Schocken, 1988 Britton, Lesley Montessori Play Learn Vermilion, 1992 Montessori, Maria The Secret Of Childhood Balantine, 1972 Montessori, Maria, The Discovery Of the Child Clio Press Oxford, 200

Distance Learning Survival Guide

Distance Learning Survival Guide Free Online Research Papers Using Axia’s Education Resources A distance learning environment is obviously different than what we are used to growing up. However it is not much different than what we settle for when doing research or looking up useless information. Although most of us a very familiar with using the internet it is imperative we completely understand the system and options available by Axia College University of Phoenix. Like every college or university there will be research required as well as common skills associate with using a computer such as, Microsoft PowerPoint and using search engines. Getting familiar with the student platform is a must. The four main things that I find to be important are: knowing how to use the classroom platform, knowing how to utilize the library correctly to be most effective, using the Center for Writing or Center for Mathematics, and other great tools such as the Plagiarism Checker. Being familiar on how to get into and around the class is vital. Not posting an assignment in the correct location can dictate the grade for that student. If posted in the wrong forum one day a student can loose points for handing in late, which can effect the score when the class comes to an end. Using the library is also very important, students should realize that the library is not just a search engine such a Google or Ask.com, the way a person searches for a specific article can determine the outcome. Moreover, there are certain options which not allow certain writing works to come up. For example, if a student checks the option to only see Scholarly (Pre viewed) Journals. Other educational resources provided by Axia College is the tutorials which can teach a lot, with either little or no experience at all the tutorials help master a certain computer skill. Upholding Academic Honesty In my opinion this is one of the most important things that Axia College students are required to have. With the opportunity to learn in a distance learning environment we as students must understand that we will learn as long as we put forth the effort. As we all know plagiarism is a real crime. In a distance learning environment students might be tempted use the easy way out instead of actually doing the work. However, the best way to learn is to do the work. I find it to be very rewarding, when as a writer, completing a writing assignment. Setting and Achieving Goals For some including myself just by starting college is already achieving a goal. Whether the goal is short term or long term it is important we all have goals. In the society and competitiveness we live in today it would be insane to not have any goals. Throughout my first nine weeks with Axia College, I have been able to complete some short term goals, as well as work on a long term goal, and a bit of a life long goal that I have. Setting realistic goals are also very important, an person must grasp the idea that goals are achievable but must be realistic. Setting goals and achieving them is what thrives our nation and fellow citizens. I found it that the satisfaction of achieving a hard worked goal is the greatest feeling in the world. Managing Time Wisely To me managing time wisely is significantly important to our day-to-day lives. We Axia students chose a distance learning environment because of the advantages of being able to take care of our busy schedules while attending school. It gives the opportunity to juggle work and family as well as getting an education. Time can be broken down from years to months to weeks to days to hours and even minutes. I have planned that I will complete a certain amount of classes in the next two years. With each set of classes I will break down the nine weeks and worry about one week at a time. During each week I understand that an assignment is due for two classes. Managing my time daily at work can make it easier to put more time my school work. While doing my school work managing time between the two classes and the different assignments will make it easier for me to juggle my life and other important things that still need to happen on my daily schedule. Fostering Reading Comprehension and Retention While taking this class I have been to develop good reading skills and improve others. Even though that this is my first set of college classes I was not surprised by how much reading was required. With reading comes knowledge and understanding, as a student, I feel glad and fortunate to have the reading skills I have and to be able to learn more. It is important that a student becomes conscious of the good things that are an effect of reading. In addition to learning from the material being read, reading can also help a person with memory. The more that is read, the more material and data a person can remember the more knowledge the individual will. Applying Personality and Learning Styles As we all know, everybody is different in several ways. Everybody learns, teaches, and remembers things in different ways. It is advantage to attend a distance learning because study habits and settings can be set by the student. A student who learns better with a lot of outside noise can set the way he or she wishes to do spend the study time. While attending Axia College, I found it easier to do my work while having a television set or radio on. Reason being, it made me concentrate more on the reading. If I try to read in silence I find myself wandering and loosing my place in the text. Research Papers on Distance Learning Survival GuideStandardized TestingThe Mechanics of Grading Grading SystemsThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

The main cause of collapsing of the Bretton woods system Essay

The main cause of collapsing of the Bretton woods system - Essay Example re of the system was a promise each country made to all that their monetary policies would keep the currency of the country close to a fixed value (within 1%) to gold. The IMF would have the authority to close temporary payment imbalances between countries and would monitor the fiscal activities of other nations. While the system worked well for several years, it collapsed in 1971 once the United States pulled out from the gold standard (Bird, 1994). The simplest cause of failure in economic terms is that the system was useful for the time it was created but it was far too optimistic of the creators of the systems that all other things would remain the same. Without a doubt, economic realties change for us on a daily basis even though the majority of economic activity can be explained by the process of supply and demand. The creators of the system thought that the system would be large enough to control and contain market forces and economic systems but they learnt quickly that while market forces take the upper hand to established systems. While the final cause of failure was the American pullout from the system, the foundations were being weakened long before the event. The first change was the monetary interdependence which countries faced with respect to each other and the convertibility of the Japanese Yean and the Western European countries. This made it possible for banks and monetary organizations to take part in large financial transactions further adding to the financial interdependence of various countries (Cooper & Sneddon, 2001). Banks are able to make huge transfers of capital from one country to another for investment and lending purposes but that money can also be used for currency speculation. In the Bretton Woods system, exchange rates were more or less fixed and countries were hesitant in revaluing their currencies (Bird, 1994). Speculators could therefore convert large sums of money from a soft to a hard currency hoping to gain value when the

Computer Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Crimes - Research Paper Example Consumers have their own personal data and they have their own personal communication taking place on the computer through the internet. Computer viruses and hacking programs tend to affect all these innocent victims and they become helpless in all these situations. They lose their confidential data and at times many organizations may lose their back up data and end up in many official and organizational level problems. Credit transaction information can be hacked easily by professional hackers and it causes huge losses to the consumers, companies and as well as government agencies. Government agencies have their own official transactions taking place on the computers and they transfer their information through the internet as well. When these various types of computer crimes are taking place it affects the government and at times may affect the country as well. All these innocent victims tend to get targeted in a serious manner when computer crimes are taking place. There are many computer manufacturing companies that are operating around us. These computer companies while manufacturing the computers are not able to develop programs that may protect the computers from the hackers. The hackers are always up with new types of programs and viruses that tend to affect the computer users and cause a lot of damage to them. The computer manufacturers are not able to have programs that show evidence of tracking down the hackers in a fast mode. It is extremely difficult to trace the hackers from where they have operated the viruses or hacked the computers of all the innocent people and organizations. The computer manufacturers are not able to develop programs that can protect their valuable users from the various computer crimes that are taking place in the society. Any user that is using the computer and the internet are prone to be attacked by hackers and various types of viruses. The antivirus

Print versus Online Journalism Essay Example for Free

Print versus Online Journalism Essay In almost any part of the world, the journalists are the people who deliver to us the daily news, significant events, updates, celebrity scoops, and other bits of information. Traditionally, journalists obtain their news through extensive research, interviews, and leg work among others. After hours, days, or even weeks of research, journalists then write and craft their pieces which eventually land on the front page of the newspapers. This sequence of actions is called print journalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, due to the rise of technology, people are now able to publish stories and articles on the Internet. Life stories, opinions, and other information can be aired and accessed by people through websites such as blog sites and social networking sites, among others. This new form of posting information resulted in what is now known as online journalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Print and online journalism are both similar and different from each other in a lot of ways. There basic point of similarity is that they both contain information that is accessible by the public. This information may include daily news stories, sports updates, business news, health news.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the main difference between the two is that in print journalism, these stories are published in broadsheet newspapers, magazines, and tabloids, among others, while in online journalism, the news and other information is basically published solely in websites. Usually, the information given by both forms of journalism may be accessed through subscriptions. However, certain newspapers, such as the New York Times, can be accessed online for free.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, compared to print journalism, online information is easily accessed. People simply have to connect to the Internet and view the web page that contains their desired information. On the other hand, printed information in the newspapers and magazines are bought in stores and magazine stands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, possibly the most important difference between the two is how journalism is practiced. The practice of conventional journalism, without a doubt, requires critical analysis, logical thinking, mastery or knowledge of grammar, and most of all, commitment to the truth. This is usually the case with people who are involved in print journalism, most especially, the ones writing for established and highly credible newspapers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, in online journalism, except perhaps for the websites of major dailies, most websites are not edited and proofread properly which results in erroneous or inaccurate information and grammatically incorrect sentences or phrases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, the most important and most notable difference between the two is that online journalism lacks that true essence journalism per se as compared to print journalism where people know and have possibly mastered the fundamentals such as grammar, style, and logical construction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, a majority of people involved in online journalism are not actually journalists by profession. These so-called â€Å"online journalists† may not have undergone proper training so technically they do not have the authority and capability that print journalists have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over-all, it can be said that online journalism is not journalism at all and is only a term that spawned from the boom of technology as compared to print journalism which follows traditional practices of   journalism.

Free Essays - Development of Theme in Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Development of Theme in Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, he uses several different themes. His themes help to portray the meaning and message of the novel. Twain's major theme in the novel is man's inhumanity to man. He develops this theme through the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck, the dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls, and the betrayal of Jim for money by the King and the Duke. Twain uses the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck to help develop the major theme of his novel. "' I'll take you down a peg before I get done with you'" (20). This quote shows how man is inhuman to other men, even if they are related and supposed to love each other. Pap talks and acts mean towards Huck, even though Huck is his own son. Not only is Pap mentally abusive toward Huck, but he is also physically abusive toward him. "But by and by pap got too handy with his hick'ry, and I couldn't stand it. I was all over welts"(24). The way that Pap treats Huck shows the inhumanity of man toward other men and helps to develop the major theme of the novel. The dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls also help to develop the major theme of the novel. The Duke and the King take their cruelty to another level because they steal and lie to the Wilkes girls, who are left all alone with no parents. And not sell the rest o' the property? March off like a passel of fools and leave eight or nine thous'n' dollars' worth o' property layin' around jest sufferin' to be scooped in?-and all good, salable stuff, too. (170-171) The Duke and the King are so inhumane that they will go as far as stealing from three innocent girls. "And he said of course him and William would take the girls home with them"(176). Not only do the Duke and the King steal money from the girls, but they also lie to them about bringing them to England just so they can have more money. Free Essays - Development of Theme in Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Development of Theme in Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, he uses several different themes. His themes help to portray the meaning and message of the novel. Twain's major theme in the novel is man's inhumanity to man. He develops this theme through the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck, the dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls, and the betrayal of Jim for money by the King and the Duke. Twain uses the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck to help develop the major theme of his novel. "' I'll take you down a peg before I get done with you'" (20). This quote shows how man is inhuman to other men, even if they are related and supposed to love each other. Pap talks and acts mean towards Huck, even though Huck is his own son. Not only is Pap mentally abusive toward Huck, but he is also physically abusive toward him. "But by and by pap got too handy with his hick'ry, and I couldn't stand it. I was all over welts"(24). The way that Pap treats Huck shows the inhumanity of man toward other men and helps to develop the major theme of the novel. The dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls also help to develop the major theme of the novel. The Duke and the King take their cruelty to another level because they steal and lie to the Wilkes girls, who are left all alone with no parents. And not sell the rest o' the property? March off like a passel of fools and leave eight or nine thous'n' dollars' worth o' property layin' around jest sufferin' to be scooped in?-and all good, salable stuff, too. (170-171) The Duke and the King are so inhumane that they will go as far as stealing from three innocent girls. "And he said of course him and William would take the girls home with them"(176). Not only do the Duke and the King steal money from the girls, but they also lie to them about bringing them to England just so they can have more money.

Constitucion Casa Mac Iver, Chile

Castro Seccion 5 Fernandez Ricardo Altman Hidalgo Rojas Parraguez Idea La idea surge a raiz de la experiencia cercana de una de nuestras companeras de grupo.Ella es familiar directo de los Mac-Iver y todos los veranos solia pasar parte de las vacaciones con la familia en la casona de Constitucion la que albergaba a mas de 60 personas (tal como lo mostraban en â€Å"Chile intimo: Las vacaciones† de TVN). Lamentablemente, esta tradicion esta limitada, ya que la colonial casona, se encuentra con danos graves producto del terremoto del 27 de febrero. ObjetivoNuestro objetivo principal es querer demostrar que a pesar de la vida rapida e inexpresiva que vivimos dia a dia, es necesario conectarse con la familia y las raices, contacto que creemos es primordial para tener un desarrollo pleno, es asi como tomamos como ejemplo la casona de Constitucion un lugar familiar e importante que en estos momentos significa para la familia Mac-Iver mucho mas que un punto de encuentro ya que ahora es la fuente donde desembocaran todas sus energias para volver a ponerla de pie. Constitucion (1794)Constitucion se encuentra en la orilla de la desembocadura del Rio Maule en el Oceano Pacifico. La ciudad se encuentra limitada por varios cerros, siendo el mas importante el cerro Mutrun, situado cerca de la desembocadura. Los lugares tipicos mas importantes de Constitucion son: la Piedra de la Iglesia, el Penon de Calabocillos, la Piedra de los Enamorados y la Piedra del Elefante. La zona donde se encuentra la ciudad fue antes de la llegada de los espanoles un lugar de pesca y refugio de los indigenas changos y mapuches.Hubieron muchos intentos por establecer un poblado permanente en la zona, en 1791 se establecio una propuesta oficial a cargo de Santiago Onederra. En 1793, el gobernador de Chile Ambrosio O'Higgins autoriza la fundacion de la villa bajo el nombre de Nueva Bilbao. En 1828, se le rebautiza con el nombre actual en honor a la Constitucion de 1828 que se estrenaba en ese entonces. [pic] El Fundador [pic] Henry Mac Iver (1815 – 1877), el fundador de la familia de ese apellido en Chile, fue un marino de origen escoces, que por azar llego a al costa de Valparaiso, durante 1835 debido a un naufragio.Mac Iver se quedo en Chile recuperandose de su accidente y en 1847 se le otorga la nacionalidad chilena, lo que le permitiria comprar varias 37 embarcaciones a lo largo de su vida. En 1841 conocio a Leonor Rodriguez (1819 – 1887) y el 2 de febrero de de 1843 se casa con ella. Ese mismo Henry comienza la construccion de la que seria â€Å"La Casa Mac Iver†. El 15 de Julio de 1844 nace su primogenito, Enrique Mac Iver, luego lo hace su segunda hija Flora Mac Iver el 20 de junio de 1846. Despues nacerian 6 hijos mas. Al fallecer, su viuda, Leonor, lo reemplazaria en la cabeza de la familia hasta su muerte por colera en 1887.Ambos estan sepultados en el cementerio de Constitucion [pic] Enrique Mac Iver [pic] El primogenito de Henry Mac Iver , capitan escoces, Enrique Mac Iver Rodriguez (Constitucion, 15 de Julio de 1844 – Santiago, 21 de Agosto de 1922), quinto dueno de la casa, fue quien refacciono y amplio decididamente. Este hombre se destacaria a lo largo de su vida como importante abogado y destacado congresista por 46 anos, alcanzando lo mas altos puestos como politico: diputado, senador, ministro del estado y pre-candidato presidencial en dos ocasiones.Ademas seria Gran Mestre de la Masoneria Chilena (1887-1894), debiendo decretar que la masoneria descansara mientras duro la guerra civil de 1891, para evitar que la grave contienda se infiltrara en ella. Quizas una de sus actuaciones publicas mas importantes se encuentre en su firme papel de opositor a la presidencia de Jose Manuel Balmaceda. Contrajo matrimonio con Emma Ovalle Gutierrez, con quien tuvo descendencia. Historia de la casa La propiedad en un principio estuvo constituida por un pedazo de terreno con tres frentes exclusivamente: el principal ( hacia Bulnes), el lateral por la calle Prieto, y hacia el sur, por la calle O`Higgins.Este terreno fue la parte original (Patio del Medio), el patio del cuidador y el sector bodegas, hoy Patio de los Crespones, junto a una arboleda en la parte trasera de la casa. De manera simultanea Henry Mac Iver comenzo a edificar en un terreno aledano (Bulnes esquina Prieto) una casa que dejaria para renta, hoy el Patio del Nispero. Al fallecimiento de su mujer Leonor, se llevo a cabo el remate de la casa junto con otras propiedades. La casa se dividio entre los hijos del matrimonio.Enrique, Leonor y David se quedaron con la casa y sus otros hermanos fueron compensados con otras propiedades en el mismo pueblo. Con el tiempo Enrique le compraria a sus hermanos la propiedad, quedandose como unico dueno de ella (1917). Seria el quien modernizaria la Casa, dandole la fisonomia con la actualmente la conocemos. Los terremotos de Talca de 1929 y de Chillan de 1939, especialmente el primero, dejaron a l a casa a muy mal traer. Los muros de adobe del Patio del Medio estan todos amarrados con grandes vigas de roble, lo que no ocurre con los de los patios aterales. Luego de ambos terremotos, se ataron con largos tensores de acero. En 1954 el Rio Maule se desbordo, llegando hasta la Plaza misma; la gente que andaba en botes por las calles.La Casa sufrio la inundacion, soportandola relativamente bien; el Patio del Medio se salvo por estar en altura, pero los restantes no. En vida Enrique Mac Iver la casa alcanzo su maximo esplendor, asi como extension. La Casa Mac Iver constituye un ejemplo, de los que hay pocos en Chile, de una propiedad que se ha mantenido desde su construccion en manos de la misma familia. pic] Entrada Principal [pic] Escritoria Enrique Mac Iver [pic] Salon Principal [pic] Ante Salon [pic] Comedor principal [pic] Patio del Cuidador [pic] Patio del Medio [pic] Patio de los Crespones La Familia Mac Iver Ubicada en plena ciudad, la casa Mac Iver es todo un simbolo. De e stilo colonial, con sus adobes intactos y zonas que denotan el evidente paso del tiempo, sigue siendo el centro de reunion de una enorme familia que no se pierde ni por nada el veraneo en este caseron de 165 anos.Son ocho generaciones que han sabido mantenerla y respetar su espiritu, habitando con orgullo cada uno de sus 40 dormitorios, 16 banos, 3 comedores, tres patios y salones. En Constitucion, a la casa de los Mac Iver se llega preguntando. Son pocos los que no conocen esta construccion colonial de un piso, que por 165 anos ha ocupado la manzana comprendida por las calles Bulnes, Pinto, Prieto y que hoy muestra sus muros de adobe descascarados, con graffitis en alguna esquina y ventanas tapeadas para evitar que rompan sus vidrios.Asi oculta un mundo interior desconocido para quienes pasan frente a ella, un pasado glorioso que inspira curiosidad. Ha sido gracias a las reglas que se han traspasado y respetado, que todo luce mas o menos como en los tiempos de sus abuelos, bisabuel os, tatarabuelos y choznos. Los ninos no entran al salon, a la salita ni al escritorio (sectores que lucen intactos) hasta que cumplen los 14 anos. La tradicion dice que tampoco, hasta esa edad, pueden sentarse a la mesa del comedor grande, que aun con sus treinta sillas, prohibe el ingreso a los menores.Habia otras construcciones senoriales importantes alrededor, que ya no existen, cuando Constitucion era un rico balneario de la alta sociedad talquina. Las propiedades que valian, se botaron. Actualmente, la familia organiza sus visitas repartiendose los tres patios que articulan la casa: el del medio (que es el original), el del Nispero y el de los Crespones, que se unieron al nucleo central hacia 1904. Los 40 dormitorios y 16 banos que los rodean estan asignados a cada una de las ramas Mac Iver, y si bien no todas las piezas estan en el mismo estado de conservacion, hay algunas que se han recuperado.En una de ellas dormia una de las hijas de Enrique Mac Iver Rodriguez, que hoy man tiene el mismo mobiliario de fines del siglo XIX, las cortinas y sus camas de bronce. En esta familia hay una renovacion de las ganas por venir. Para los Mac Iver tiene un valor sentimental mas alla del historico y arquitectonico. â€Å"Nosotros vamos a Constitucion, pudiendo ir a otros lados, porque tenemos un contacto fisico con algo que nos recuerda a nuestros antepasados y seres mas queridos† cuenta un Mac Iver Punto de encuentro y entretencion, los veraneos aqui son esperados durante todo el ano.Grandes y chicos lo han hecho el mejor lugar para pasar sus vacaciones, con los tradicionales paseos en lancha, las idas a la playa y al rio, las excursiones, la peregrinacion cada Viernes Santo al cerro Mutrun. Los almuerzos a las dos en punto previo toque del gong, las noches de peliculas en el â€Å"Patio del Medio†. Todos los muebles, rincones y habitaciones hablan de una historia familiar que se renueva cada vez que vuelven. Antes era febrero el mes de apertura oficia l de sus puertas y nadie iba durante el ano.Hoy, con casi cien â€Å"huespedes† habituales, la casa da la bienvenida desde septiembre y cierra sus salones en Semana Santa [pic] 27 de Febrero de 2010 El sismo del 27 de Febrero es considerado como el segundo mas fuerte en la historia del pais y uno de los cinco mas fuertes registrados por la humanidad. El terremoto ocurrio a las 03:34 a. m, tuvo una magnitud de 8,8. El epicentro fue en el mar frente a Curanipe y Cobquecura a 150 kilometros de Concepcion. El sismo tuvo una duracion de 2 minutos 45 segundos.Las zonas mas afectadas por el terremoto fueron las regiones de Valparaiso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O'Higgins, Maule, Biobio y La Araucania. En las regiones del Maule y el Biobio, el terremoto alcanzo una intensidad de IX en la escala de Mercalli, devastando gran parte de ciudades como Constitucion, Concepcion, Cobquecura y el puerto de Talcahuano. Los muertos ascendieron a una cantidad de 521. Hay alrededor de medio millon de viviendas severamente danadas. Y se estiman 2 millones de damnificados. El terremoto fue la peor tragedia natural vivida en Chile desde 1960.Al terremoto lo siguio un tsunami que destruyo aun mas los pueblos costeros afectados por el movimiento. . Esta masa de agua a gran velocidad golpeo la costa chilena, alcanzando las localidades costeras de las regiones del Maule y el Biobio. En Constitucion, la cifra de muertos fue de 172. Luego de que el impacto del terremoto destruyera gran parte de las viviendas, media hora despues vino la primera de tres olas que entraron a Constitucion, superando los 8 metros cada una. Estas hicieron subir considerablemente el nivel del mar la que se transformo en una pared de agua que entro hasta la Plaza de Armas de la ciudad.Gran parte de los fallecidos corresponden unas doscientas personas que al momento del terremoto estaban acampando en la isla del Maule, ubicada sobre la ribera de este. Las antiguas edificaciones de adobe de Constitucion quedaro n totalmente destruidas. Mas de la mitad del casco historico quedo en el piso, incluyendo diversos monumentos historicos y centenarias construcciones de origen colonial. El maremoto que afecto a Constitucion tambien produjo serios danos en las plantas de celulosa de CELCO, por lo que debieron suspenderse las actividades industriales (principal sustento de los maulinos junto a la pesca).Despues de que fue afectada por las 3 olas del tsunami. La casa de los Mac Iver soporto el terremoto, pero se vino abajo luego que el agua que desbordo el Maule. Se midio un metro de agua dentro de la casa. Las paredes de adobe no aguantaron y muchas se vinieron abajo, otras quedaron con serios danos estructurales. Salvar la construccion original de adobe con paja (unica en Chile) es imposible ademas de muy costosa. Hoy se buscan otras posibilidades para la reconstruccion de la casa, obra evaluada en 400 millones de pesos. Casa Mac Iver Post – Terremoto [pic] [pic] [pic] pic]j [pic] Estructura del proyecto documental El documental comenzaria con imagenes de archivos del terremoto y tsunami ocurrido el 27 de Febrero del 2010, seguido de una pequena introduccion a la ciudad de Constitucion y la llegada del primer Mac Iver (inicio del arbol genealogico) todo esto apoyado por imagenes de archivo y contado por un narrador en off que seria un familiar de la 8? generacion de los Mac Iver. El desarrollo abarcaria al cuidado que la familia a tenido por mantener el patrimonio familiar y cultural que significa esta casona colonial en la zona.Las principales secuencias del documental mostrarian las consecuencias del terremoto y tsunami que afecto a Constitucion y de forma especifica a la vivienda. Tomando como principal fuente de credibilidad los testimonios de integrantes de la familia que se encontraba habitando la casa en esa fecha. Para concluir se tratara la forma en que la familia Mac Iver planean la reconstruccion de la casona como un patrimonio mas que familiar, las etapas qu e tendran que pasar y la forma en que conseguiran ayuda para mantener en pie la casona. Referencia Documental â€Å"When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts† (2006)Si bien en el documental de las victimas del huracan katrina se nos muestra el general de la catastrofe, es decir, varias familias y el procedimiento de su rescate, la idea es tomar como referencia la estetica del documental con las entrevistas bien trabajadas en fotografia y locaciones, ya sean en estudio o en la zona cero. El uso de material de archivo es importante por que nos retrata la vida de la familia Mac – Iver antes de la catastrofe, la idea es tratar de obtener archivos desde los inicios de la casona para denotar la tradicion y prestigio de la familia que gracias al naufragio de Henry Mac- Iver llego a Chile en el ano1835.Los archivos actuales de la casona son fundamentales para uno de los objetivos claves del documental, que es obtener ayuda del fondo de reconstruccion que propuso el gobiern o. La construccion del documental es lineal, tal como el documental referente Desde la catastrofe en si, a traves del material de archivo con entrevista a la gente y a responsables de los fondos de reconstruccion, al voluntariado y a integrantes de la familia protagonista.Bibliografia – www. constitucion. cl – www. emol. com – www. theclinic. cl – â€Å"Chile Intimo: Las Vacaciones†, TVN – Archivos familia Mac Iver